Mac OS X Keyboard Shortcuts
System Startup
Hold these keys immediately following the Macintosh startup chime until the screen appears.
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Hold X during startup | Startup from Mac OS X (regardless of Startup Disk Preference) |
| Hold Option-Command-Shift-Delete during startup | Bypass primary startup volume and seek a different startup volume (such as a CD or external disk) |
| Hold C during startup | Start up from a CD that has a system folder |
| Hold N during startup | Attempt to start up from a compatible network server (NetBoot) |
| Hold T during startup | Start up in FireWire Target Disk mode |
| Hold Shift during startup | Start up in Safe Boot mode to temporarily disable login items and non-essential kernel extensions |
| Hold Command-V during startup | Start up in Verbose mode |
| Hold Command-S during startup | Start up in Single-User mode |
Finder Windows
The following shortcuts can be used when a Finder window is active.
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Command-W | Close window |
| Option-Command-W | Close all windows |
| Command-Right Arrow | Expand folder (only in list view) |
| Option-Command-Right Arrow | Expand folder and nested subfolders (only in list view) |
| Command-Left Arrow | Collapse Folder (only in list view) |
| Option-Command-Up Arrow | Open parent folder and close current window |
| Command-1 | View Menu -> View as Icons |
| Command-2 | View Menu -> View as List |
| Command-3 | View Menu -> View as Columns |
Menu Commands
These shortcuts can be used in place of selecting options from the Finder menu (as shown above).
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Shift-Command-Q | Apple Menu -> Log out |
| Shift-Option-Command-Q | Apple Menu -> Log out immediately |
| Shift-Command-Delete | Finder Menu -> Empty Trash |
| Option-Shift-Command-Delete | Finder Menu -> Empty Trash without dialog |
| Command-H | Finder Menu -> Hide Finder |
| Option-Command-H | Finder Menu -> Hide Others |
| Command-N | File Menu -> New Finder window |
| Shift-Command-N | File Menu -> New Folder |
| Command-O | File Menu -> Open |
| Command-S | File Menu -> Save |
| Shift-Command-S | File Menu -> Save as |
| Command-P | File Menu -> Print |
| Command-W | File Menu -> Close Window |
| Option-Command-W | File Menu -> Close all Windows |
| Command-I | File Menu -> Get Info |
| Option-Command-I | File Menu -> Show Attributes Inspector |
| Command-D | File Menu -> Duplicate |
| Command-L | File Menu -> Make Alias |
| Command-R | File Menu -> Show original |
| Command-T | File Menu -> Add to Sidebar |
| Command-Delete | File Menu -> Move to Trash |
| Command-E | File Menu -> Eject |
| Command-F | File Menu -> Find |
| Command-Z | Edit Menu -> Undo |
| Command-X | Edit Menu -> Cut |
| Command-C | Edit Menu -> Copy |
| Command-V | Edit Menu -> Paste |
| Command-A | Edit Menu -> Select All |
| Command-1 | View Menu -> View as Icons |
| Command-2 | View Menu -> View as List |
| Command-3 | View Menu -> View as Columns |
| Command-B | View Menu -> Hide Toolbar |
| Command-J | View Menu -> Show View Options |
| Command - [ | Go Menu -> Back |
| Command - ] | Go Menu -> Forward |
| Shift-Command-C | Go Menu -> Computer |
| Shift-Command-H | Go Menu -> Home |
| Shift-Command-I | Go Menu -> iDisk |
| Shift-Command-A | Go Menu -> Applications |
| Shift-Command-F | Go Menu -> Favorites |
| Shift-Command-G | Go Menu -> Goto Folder |
| Command-K | Go Menu -> Connect to Server |
| Command-M | Window Menu -> Minimize Window |
| Option-Command-M | Window Menu -> Minimize All Windows |
| Command-? | Help Menu -> Open Mac Help |
| Command-Space | Open Spotlight |
Universal Access
These settings can also be changed by opening the Universal Access System Preference.
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Option-Command-* (asterisk) | Turn on Zoom |
| Option-Command-+ (plus) | Zoom in |
| Option-Command-- (minus) | Zoom out |
| Control-Option-Command-* (asterisk) | Switch to White on Black |
| Control-F1 | Turn on Full Keyboard Access (enables the following five commands) |
| Control-F2 | Highlight Menu (when Full Keyboard Access is enabled) |
| Control-F3 | Highlight Dock (when Full Keyboard Access is enabled) |
| Control-F4 | Highlight Active Window or next window behind it (when Full Keyboard Access is enabled) |
| Control-F5 | Highlight Toolbar (when Full Keyboard Access is enabled) |
| Control-F6 | Highlight Utility window (when Full Keyboard Access is enabled) |
| Command-F5 or fn-Command-F5 | Turn VoiceOver on or off |
| Control-Option-F8 or fn-Control-Option-F8 | Open VoiceOver Utility |
| Control-Option-F7 or fn-Control-option-F7 | Display VoiceOver menu |
| Control-Option-; (semicolon) | Enable / Disable VoiceOver Control-Option lock |
Mouse Keys
Mouse keys allows you to move the mouse using the numeric keypad on the keyboard.
You can turn on Mouse Keys from within the Universal Access System Preference.
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| 8 | Move Up |
| 2 | Move Down |
| 4 | Move Left |
| 6 | Move Right |
| 1, 3, 7, and 9 | Move Diagonally |
| 5 | Press Mouse Button |
| 0 | Hold Mouse Button |
| . (period on keypad) | Release Mouse Button (after pressing 0) |
Screen Captures
The following commands can be used to take screenshots within the Finder or any program.
Screenshots that are not copied to the clipboard are saved as a file on the Desktop.
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Command-Shift-3 | Take a picture of the entire screen |
| Command-Shift-4 | Take a picture of a selection (the cursor will turn into a crosshairs for selecting an area) |
| Command-Control-Shift-4 | Take a picture of the screen and copy to the Clipboard |
| Command-Shift-4, then Spacebar | Take a picture of the selected window |
Other Commands
| Keyboard Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Option-Command-D | Show/Hide Dock |
| Command-Tab | Switch application |
| Tab | Highlight next item |
| Command-Up Arrow | Move up one directory |
| Command-Down Arrow | Move down one directory |
| Page Up or Control-Up Arrow | Move up one page |
| Page Down or Control-Down Arrow | Move down one page |
| Option-Drag | Copy to new location |
| Option-Command-Drag | Make alias in new location |
| Command-Drag | Move to new location without copying |
| Shift-Command-C | Show Colors palette in application |
| Command-T | Show Font palette in application |
| Option-Command-esc | Force Quit |
| Control-Eject | Restart, Sleep, Shutdown dialog box |
| Control-Command-Eject | Quit all applications and restart |
| Command-click window toolbar button (upper right corner) | Cycle through available views for the window's toolbar (dependent on the nature of the Finder or application window) |
| Command-` (above the tab key) | Cycle through windows in application or Finder (if more than one window is open) |
| Function-Delete (laptops only) | Forward Delete (deletes the character to the right of the cursor) |
| Option-Command-Eject or Option-Command-Power | Put the computer in Sleep Mode |
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